In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:THE EDUCATOR IN THE FACE OF REFORM Enrique Gómez León It might be claimed that all the reforms ofthe educational systems of the wealthy nations of the West aim to accomplish the motto of the French Revolution: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity. The principle goal of school today is the formation ofcitizens. Laws enshrine this sacred purpose, and politicians repeat it in every conceivable declaration oftheir programs. Public schools (...) are ofcourse part and parcel ofthe State. It is the ideals ofthe State that govern the educational process, and this in a double sense: schools should train pupils in these values, and at the same time reproduce these values in their functional processes. A quick glance at the characteristics of any high school allows us to recognize the values in question: a)Freedom of expression for teachers and pupils; freedom ofprograms, or rather the multiplication of subjects to be taught, since schools should represent every facet of our complex reality; freedom also from etiquette, from formal rules of behavior regarding what to wear, the way to speak up, how to address teachers; freedom, finally, from parents, who abandon to schools the role of primary and fundamental educator. b)Equality, a benefit ofdemocratization, which bears with it the obligation ofschooling for all; boys and girls study the same contents, and there is no exclusion for economic or religious reasons, nor for intellectual ones. c)Fraternity nowadays cashes out as tolerance, a true fetish word in the contemporary world. It is a tolerance which implies an absolute laicity so as to allow the expression ofevery kind ofbelief, or its lack, and which implies the right to speak far beyond what science allows, and yet to fall far short of what it demands, since emotion and sentiment demand their place alongside, or above, truth. The indubitable goodness of these objectives, these ideals—which no one would dare to criticize in public—does not manage to hide a spreading sense ofmalaise: teachers complain that pupils learn less and less, discipline problems increase; adolescents complain that school doesn't frighten them Enrique Gómez León97 any more, it'sjust boring; parents complain that there are no longer any good manners, their children are wasting their time; the newspapers deplore the increase of violence in the schools. Often the motives behind these complaints are quite banal: teachers focus on their own convenience and resist change; comparisons with the past are no longer valuable, since now everybody has become a product of schooling; most adolescents, above all, are extraordinarily entertained by school, where they meet up with their friends; parents forget that they had already scandalized their own parents with their astounding new mores; newspapers are slaves to the moment, obliged every day to forget what happened yesterday. We should not overlook the bad reasons for complaining about the malaise, but we should equally give it its due attention. I would like to bring out some arguments underlying it, as described from the position ofa teacher ofadolescents who loves and enjoys his profession. This malaise does not spring from resistance to the ideals of our era—liberty, equality, fraternity—but from the experience of a surprising fact: the more one exalts that slogan, the more the intellectual task of the school recedes into the background. As a consequence, freedom is reduced to lack of direction, equality to simple indifference, and fraternity to a paralyzing absence ofany meaningful boundaries. School, then—we are still talking about the state education system—may tend to produce what it is trying to avoid: a society both less free and more unequal. It is the apprehension of this future that provokes some disquieting questions among teachers: What use is this? What am I doing? What might I be able to do? In other words: What power do I have? So as to bring out some elements for discussion, and with the goal also of justifying the preceding hypothesis, I am going to approach the problem by first drawing away from it. In this way I hope to gather the necessary "élan" to underline two points—among many others—which, in my opinion, deserve more thought. Mircea Eliade repeats on several occasion this... (shrink)

El libro, como apunta el propio título, aborda los límites del modelo altruista en la donación de órganos. Dicho de otro modo, que «...el altruismo como único elemento regidor de los programas de donación, es una cuestión problemática» y «...que el modelo de donación altruista en términos de equidad es desventajoso para la familia donante».

El artículo presenta un análisis del término multidisciplina e interdisciplina en Gerontología. Para lograr lo anterior se presenta una analogía con el uso del término interdisciplina en Bioética. Se parte de la consideración de la ética como unificador metodológico de la Bioética que permite pasar de ser una multidisciplina a una interdisciplina. De modo análogo, se aplica ese sentido al término gerontología, y se propone así el uso del término «calidad de vida activa debida» como eje ético que oriente la (...) gerontología. (shrink)

Returning to sport after the sports injury is a difficult decision because it’s multicausal and the fact that a rash decision can result in numerous negative consequences. Given the importance of psychological variables for the correct rehabilitation of the injured athlete and his or her optimal return to sports practice, there seems to be little information on this subject. In this sense, the objective is to determine the relationship between the subjective psychological disposition of the athlete in the process of (...) Return to Play with the type of mood profile and his mental health. This is based on the fact that each athlete evaluates his or her recovery differently and has different levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. For this purpose, four athletes participated in the study. Two males and two females from the sports of indoor soccer and soccer, who had just returned to sports after a moderate or severe injury. The average age was 24.25 years. Various measurements were taken after practices and after matches, to assess mood, psychological readiness, anxiety, stress, and depression. The results confirm Morgan’s iceberg profile and the influence that subjective psychological perceptions and assessed emotional states have on athletes’ incorporation into their sports practice with a guarantee of success. (shrink)

This paper contains arguments from Kant’s philosophy of law. Firstly, it distinguishes between positive and natural right, the laws and reflections on what is justice respectively. We then analyze present law, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, practical reason which questions it, understan..

We reconsider the Myerson value and the position value for communication situations. In case the underlying game is a unanimity game, we show that each of these values can be computed using the inclusion--exclusion principle. Linearity of both values permits us to calculate them without needing the dividends of the induced games (graph-restricted game and link game). The expression of these dividends is only derived in the existing literature for special communication situations. Moreover, the associated inclusion--exclusion decomposability property depends on (...) what we have called the graph allocation rule. This rule is the relative degree (relative indicator) for the position value (Myerson value). (shrink)

En el artículo se analiza el papel de la espiritualidad en el afrontamiento de la vejez. La propuesta es sugerir que una práctica institucional comprometida permite tener un mejor afrontamiento a la vejez, siempre y cuando se produzcan las redes sociales de apoyo pertinentes y se viva una auténtica espiritualidad en la práctica comunitaria. La auténtica espiritualidad se produce en esa fusión de la práctica religiosa privada y pública. El artículo sugiere después de un análisis de los conceptos de espiritualidad (...) y religión las distintas estrategias de afrontamiento que se ven reforzadas con la misma práctica religiosa. A partir de ahí se realizan las sugerencias de intervención en el ámbito religioso de la práctica comunitaria para beneficio de las personas adultas mayores. (shrink)

Reseña del libro: Velázquez, Lourdes. La civilización del Anáhuac: filosofía, medicina y ciencia. Editorial Notas Universitarias, México, 2019. 215 pp.

Después de hacer una recopilación aleatoria de algunos programas de maestría ofertados en lengua castellana en España y Latinoamérica, este trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar la pluralidad de presentaciones de la bioética y, a partir de esos hallazgos, replantear el concepto de interdisciplinario para efectos de la docencia. La pregunta de la que se partió fue la siguiente: ¿qué sentido darle a la palabra interdisciplina cuando se utiliza en la docencia de la bioética? Como marco teórico se utiliza la noción (...) de razón ampliada, entendida como una superación de la razón instrumental, de manera que sirva de puente entre lo experimental y lo axiológico. Se realizó una exploración del concepto por medio de una muestra por conveniencia de los términos interdisciplina, pluridisciplina, disciplina, ciencia, tal como aparecen en diversos programas de maestría en bioética. El artículo se divide en tres partes: una sección en la que se comparan distintos programas españoles y latinoamericanos, para resaltar la concepción epistemológica que presentan sobre la bioética. La segunda sección estudia el concepto de interdisciplina a partir de lo visto en tales programas, compaginando las categorías de prudencia, concilio y sabiduría. La tercera parte cierra conlas propuestas de mejora docente en la enseñanza de la bioética. A partir de ellas se concluye la importancia del diálogo entre las disciplinas, en donde predomine la búsqueda del sentido ético en todos los cuestionamientos que se planteen en el aula. (shrink)

Psychological flexibility is a key concept of acceptation and commitment therapy. This factor has been linked with psychological wellbeing and associated factors, such as quality of life, in cancer patients. These and other positive results of acceptation and commitment therapy in cancer patients found in previous research could be enhanced by using mhealth tools. A three-arm randomized superiority clinical trial, with a pre-post-follow-up repeated measures intergroup design with a 1:1:1 allocation ratio is proposed. A hundred and twenty cancer patients will (...) be randomly assigned to one of the following interventions: face-to-face ACT + mobile application, face-to-face ACT, and Waitlist control group. The primary expected outcome is to observe significant improvements in psychological flexibility acceptance and action questionnaire- II in the face-to-face ACT + app group, after comparing baseline and post-treatment scores, and the scores will remain stable in the two assessment points, 3 and 6 months after the intervention. Secondary expected outcomes are significant increasing scores in quality of life and post-traumatic-growth, and significant decreasing scores in anxiety and depression, insomnia and fatigue at the same assessment points. Also, it is expected that the scores of this group will be higher than the scores of the face-to-face ACT group and the waitlist control group. This study aims to assess the efficacy of a combined intervention for psychological flexibility and associated symptoms in cancer patients. The results of this protocol may help to consider the use of acceptation and commitment therapy and mhealth applications in cancer settings as a valid therapeutic choice.Clinical Trial Registration[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT05126823]. (shrink)

El objetivo del artículo es mostrar cómo una versión modificada del método de Sgreccia, con las categorías de adaptabilidad y calidad de vida, resulta de utilidad para formular y pensar los problemas de las personas ancianas y adultos mayores en la emergencia del Covid-19. Para lograr lo anterior se retoman los pasos del método bioético: hecho biomédico, valores antropológicos involucrados y respuesta al problema con las categorías de calidad de vida y adaptabilidad. Se analizan los datos empíricos relacionados con la (...) vejez y el Covid-19, mostrando la vulnerabilidad de este grupo frente a la pandemia. Posteriormente, se derivan los deberes éticos que se generan en torno a las personas mayores y ancianas, establecidas por la reflexión y por medio de las categorías. En conclusión, se busca así que las categorías señaladas nos llevan a reconocer la solidaridad y sociabilidad como el eje del equilibrio entre responsabilidad y deber ante los ancianos. (shrink)

Se presenta la reseña del libro de Sánchez Maldonado, María Isabel. La legalización del aborto en la Ciudad de México. ¿Hacia una dignificación de la mujer? Gospa Editorial. México, 2019.

The paper intends to show how the Aristotelian categories of non-representative action, mimesis, fate, show, and non-historic action, presented in the Poetics, provide a rich analysis of the nature and limits of the alternative art of performance, pointing out the similarities and differences w..

Una de las dificultades para la atención de los pacientes oncológicos es la posibilidad de que no colaboren con su tratamiento. A partir del análisis conceptual y del estudio de dos casos, se propone mejorar la calidad del procedimiento en el consultorio de oncología de atención ambulatoria en la Clínica 180 del IMSS.1 La literatura clínica revela diversas limitaciones de los pacientes al momento de consentir tratamientos; una muy frecuente es la mención del estrés. En los casos analizados aparecen, además, (...) informaciones previas equivocadas sobre el tratamiento y la gravedad de la enfermedad. A partir de los datos encontrados, se diseñó un algoritmo decisional para señalar los momentos que pueden facilitar y permitir el consentimiento informado. Se concluye que el consentimiento debe darse a lo largo de todo el proceso, y que el algoritmo decisional es una propuesta de mejora en este sentido. (shrink)

Reseña. Neuroética: relaciones entre mente/cerebro y moral/ética.

Digital competencies were part of online education and now when returning to the classroom what will happen or what we expect for the future in education. The objective is to analyze and describe the perspectives of the level of digital competence, the non-experimental descriptive quantitative methodology is used with 1987 university students. Resulting that the instrument adapted to the Peruvian version is adequate according to statistics such as Cronbach's Alpha. Concluding that the digital competences improved the academic quality and have (...) a good level. Society is waiting for the next step to know what is presented to us in education. (shrink)

Forty two years before Descartes’ birth, in his Antoniana Margarita, Spanish physician and philosopher Gómez Pereira explicitly argues the following assertions: Animals lack reason Animals lack understanding Animals do not think Animals cannot feel Animals cannot see as we do Animals are machines Animals have no rational soul Animals have no indivisible soul Animals have no language The above claims on animal automatism are commonly thought to have originated with Descartes. In this paper I will expound Gómez Pereira’s (...) arguments, contra the School and common sense, in favor of animal automatism and discuss their possible influence on Descartes’ so-called bêtemachine doctrine. (shrink)

In the present work, we propose to explore the passage from critique to commodity fetishism and, in general, of capital in Karl Marx to the critique of the fetishism of power in Enrique Dussel. Marx's category of fetishism and its use in the political field has been suggested by the Latin American philosopher for the negative critique moment of his Politics of Liberation, however, it has not been explicitly developed in his passage from the economic field to the political (...) field. We think that its explicit thematic treatment is important since it seems to us the central category in the critique of politics and the possible alternatives towards a new order. The text is presented in three parts: The first part reviews the historical necessity of the State form and its inevitable possibility of fetishization. In the second one, it recovers the category People and their Will-of-life as anti-fetishist fundament of the political power. And, in the third, we made the exposition of the logical passage from the economic field to the political field, that is, from the fetishism of capital to the fetishism of power between Marx and Dussel. (shrink)

El ultimo tercio del siglo XIII es sin duda de los momentos mas trascendentales en la historia del pensamento cristiano. El esfuerzo creador de varias generaciones ha plasmado ya una realizacion madura en la obra de Santo Tomas. El neoplatonismo agostiniano, que es el sustrato comun de ese pensamento, ha recibido por fin en ella la informacion de lo aristotelico en la medida precisa para producir la formula del equilibrio posible. Pero sucede a continuacion un fenomeno historico interamente natural: el (...) mismo impulso creador y sintetizador impide detenerse en esa postura de equilibrio. Los elementos combinados toman mas conciencia de si, quiete depurar y profundizar su propria individualidad. Y surge una tension bipolar, que es ya clasica como etiqueta historica de todo el periodo: el agostinismo y el aristotelismo se disputan el campo del pensamento cristianos. Los incidentes externos de esta contienda entelectual son bien conocidos. Uno de sus resuldados es la formacion, en el seno de las Ordenes mendicantes, de las escuelas de pensamento cuya divergencia doctrinal va a llenar los siglos posteriores de la Escolastica: el tomismo y el escotismo. (shrink)